聚酰胺纖維,中文名:尼龍(Nylon),纖維學(xué)名為聚酰胺(polyamide)纖維。
是杜邦公司所生產(chǎn)之聚己二酰己二胺之商品名﹐即一般通稱為尼龍六六(Nylon 66)。聚酰胺纖維是個合成高分子聚合物商業(yè)化之合成纖維制品﹐其為在1937年由美國杜邦公司卡羅瑟斯(Caarothers)研究發(fā)明聚六甲基己二酰胺(即尼龍六六酰)﹐因而開啟了合成纖維的頁﹐其至今仍是聚酰胺纖維的代表。
聚酰胺纖維性能:
聚酰胺纖維突出的優(yōu)點為耐磨性較其它纖維優(yōu)越﹐其次為它的彈性佳﹐其彈性回復(fù)率可媲美羊毛﹐還有其質(zhì)輕﹐比重為1.14﹐在已商業(yè)化之合成纖維中﹐其僅次于聚丙烯(丙綸﹐比重小于1),而較聚酯纖維(比重1.38)輕﹐因此聚酰胺纖維可加工成細勻柔軟且平滑之絲﹐供織造成美觀耐用之織物﹐另其同聚酯纖維一樣具耐腐性﹐不怕蟲蛀﹐不怕發(fā)霉之優(yōu)點。
聚酰胺纖維之缺點為耐旋光性稍差﹐如在室外長時間受日照時﹐則易生黃﹐強度下降﹐與聚酯絲相比其保型形性較差﹐因此織物較不夠挺拔﹐還有其纖維表面光滑﹐較有蠟狀感﹐關(guān)于這些缺點近年來已研究出各種改善措施﹐如加入耐光劑以改善耐旋光性﹐或制成異型斷面以改善外觀及光澤﹐以DTY或ATY加工或與其它纖維混紡或交織﹐以改善手感。
聚酰胺纖維之各種性能再詳述如下﹕
1﹑耐磨性﹕聚酰胺纖維之耐磨性是所有紡織纖維中好的﹐同條件下﹐其耐磨性為棉花之10倍﹐羊毛之20倍﹐嫘縈(rayon)之50倍﹐如在毛紡或棉紡中摻入15%之聚酰胺纖維﹐則其耐磨度比純羊毛料或棉料提高3倍。
2﹑斷裂強度﹕衣料用途聚酰胺纖維長纖其斷裂強度為5.0~6.4g/d﹐產(chǎn)業(yè)用之高強力絲則為7~9.5 g/d甚至更高﹐其濕潤狀態(tài)之?dāng)嗔褟姸燃s為干燥狀態(tài)之85%~90%。
3﹑斷裂伸度﹕聚酰胺纖維之?dāng)嗔焉於纫榔贩N之不同而有所差異﹐強力絲之伸度較低在10~25%間﹐一般衣料用絲25~40%﹐其濕潤狀態(tài)之?dāng)嗔焉於燃s較干燥狀態(tài)高3~5%。
4﹑彈性回復(fù)率﹕聚酰胺纖維之回彈性﹐長纖之伸度10%時﹐其彈性回復(fù)率為99%﹐而聚酯在相同狀況下為67%﹐嫘縈則僅32%。
5﹑耐疲勞性﹕由于聚酰胺纖維之彈性回復(fù)率好﹐因此其耐疲功性也佳﹐其耐疲勞性與聚酯絲接近而高于其它化學(xué)纖維及天然纖維﹐在相同之試驗條件下聚酯酰胺纖維之耐疲勞性比棉纖維高7~8倍﹐比嫘縈高幾拾倍。
6﹑吸濕性﹕聚酰胺纖維之吸濕性比天然纖維和嫘縈低﹐但在合成纖維僅次于聚氯乙烯醇(PVA,維綸)而高于其它合成纖維﹐nylon 66在溫度20攝氏度﹐相對濕度65%時之含水率為3.4~3.8﹐nylon 6則為3.4~5.0﹐故聚酰胺六之吸濕性略高于聚酰胺六六。
7﹑染色性﹕聚酰胺纖維之染色性較天然纖維及嫘縈困難﹐但仍較其它合成纖維易染色﹐一般以酸性染料染色。
8﹑光學(xué)性質(zhì)﹕聚酰胺纖維具雙折射(birefringence)﹐雙折射隨延伸比變化很大﹐其在充分延伸后﹐尼龍六六纖維之縱向折射率為1.528﹐橫向折射率為1.519﹐尼龍六纖維之縱向折射率為1.580﹐橫向折射率為1.530﹐聚酰胺纖維表面光澤度較高﹐通常于聚合添加二氧化鈦消光。
9﹑耐旋光性﹕聚酰胺纖維之耐旋光性能較差﹐于聚合時添加耐光劑制成纖維后可改善耐旋光性能。
10﹑耐熱性﹕聚酰胺纖維之耐熱性不佳﹐在150攝氏度時歷經(jīng)5小時即變黃﹐170度開始軟化﹐到215度開始熔化﹐nylon 66耐熱性要較nylon 6好﹐其安全溫度分別為130及90度﹐熱定型溫度高不能超過150度﹐好在120度以下﹐但聚酰胺纖維耐低溫性佳﹐即使在零下70度之低溫使用﹐其彈性回復(fù)率變化不大。
11﹑耐化學(xué)品性﹕聚酰胺纖維耐堿性佳﹐但耐酸性則較差﹐在一般室溫調(diào)件下﹐其可耐7%之﹐20%之﹐10%之硝酸﹐50%之燒堿浸泡﹐結(jié)果都不受腐蝕﹐因此聚酰胺纖維適用于防腐蝕工作服﹐另外其可用做漁網(wǎng)﹐不怕海水浸蝕﹐尼龍漁網(wǎng)要比一般漁網(wǎng)壽命長3~4倍。
聚酰胺纖維之用途:
聚酰胺纖維可制成長纖或短纖,其用途如下:
1﹑長纖:聚酰胺長纖可單獨使用,也可與其它纖維交織,也可假捻加工成加工絲供針織或平織用途,在內(nèi)衣用途可用于男女兒童服裝、被套面料、襪子、雨衣等?另聚酰胺纖維用于航天員外衣之外層及內(nèi)里,利用其高度強度來保護航天員不受外層空間隕石之襲擊,在家飾布可用于窗簾布、浴簾布及雨傘布等,在產(chǎn)業(yè)用途可用于漁網(wǎng)、濾布、纜繩、輪胎簾布、輪送帶襯布及降落傘布等?由于其強力高、耐沖擊、耐磨性佳,用于輪胎簾布制成輪胎后其行駛里程較以往之嫘縈輪胎簾布行駛之里程高,據(jù)實驗證明聚酰胺輪胎簾布輪胎可行駛約三十萬公里,而嫘熒縈輪胎簾布輪胎僅能行駛約十二萬公里,使用于輪胎簾布之聚酰胺長纖以尼龍六六為大宗,其占尼龍六六纖維使用量約50%。
2﹑短纖:聚酰胺短纖與長纖相比在美國其使用量約占21%,在地毯用纖維中,短纖維占90%以上,而聚酰胺纖維又占地毯纖維用量之53%,另外其可與其它纖維混紡用于襪子、華達呢布料、凡立丁布料、毛毯、濾布等。
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德國巴斯夫Ultramid PA66 A3EG3 BK00564系列產(chǎn)品:
Ultramid 1403-2 BK ND3007 Nylon 66
Ultramid 1403-2 NF3001 Nylon 66
Ultramid 1503-2 BK ND3007 Nylon 66
Ultramid 1503-2 NF2004 Nylon 66
Ultramid 1503-2F BK ND3007 Nylon 66
Ultramid 1C Nylon 66/6
Ultramid 66 H2 G/25-V0KB1 BK3324 Nylon 66
Ultramid 66 H2 G/25-V0KB1 NAT0046 Nylon 66
Ultramid 66 H2 G/35-V0KB NAT0046 Nylon 66
Ultramid 66 H2 G/35-V0KB1 BK3324 Nylon 66
Ultramid 8200 HS Nylon 6
Ultramid 8202 Nylon 6
Ultramid 8202 HS Nylon 6
Ultramid 8202 HS BK-102 Nylon 6
Ultramid 8202 L Nylon 6
Ultramid 8202C HS Nylon 6
Ultramid 8202C HS BK-102 Nylon 6
Ultramid 8231G HS Nylon 6
Ultramid 8231G HS BK-102 Nylon 6
Ultramid 8231G HS BK-106 Nylon 6
Ultramid 8232G HS FR Nylon 6
Ultramid 8232G HS FR BK-102 Nylon 6
Ultramid 8233G HS Nylon 6
Ultramid 8233G HS BK-102 Nylon 6
Ultramid 8233G HS BK-106 Nylon 6
Ultramid 8234G HS Nylon 6
Ultramid 8234G HS BK-102 Nylon 6
Ultramid 8235G HS BK-102 Nylon 6
Ultramid 8253 Nylon 6
Ultramid 8253 HS Nylon 6
Ultramid 8253 HS BK-102 Nylon 6
Ultramid 8254 HS BK-102 Nylon 6
Ultramid 8255 HS Nylon 6
Ultramid 8260 Nylon 6
Ultramid 8262G HS BK-125 Nylon 6
Ultramid 8267G HS BK-102 Nylon 6
Ultramid 8267G HS BK-106 Nylon 6
Ultramid 8270 HS Nylon 6
Ultramid 8270 HS BK-102 Nylon 6
Ultramid 8272G HS BK-102 Nylon 6
Ultramid 8281 HS GP Nylon 6
Ultramid 8333G HI Nylon 6
Ultramid 8333G HI HS BK-102 Nylon 6
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Ultramid 8350 HS Nylon 6
Ultramid 8350 HS BK-102 Nylon 6
Ultramid A27 E Nylon 66
Ultramid A27 E 01 Nylon 66
Ultramid A34 01 Nylon 66
Ultramid A3EG10 Nylon 66
Ultramid A3EG3 Nylon 66
Ultramid A3EG3 BK00564 Nylon 66
Ultramid A3EG5 Nylon 66
Ultramid A3EG6 Nylon 66
Ultramid A3EG6 BK00564 Nylon 66
Ultramid A3EG6 FC Nylon 66
Ultramid A3EG7 Nylon 66
Ultramid A3EG7 BK00564 Nylon 66
Ultramid A3EG7 BK23189 Nylon 66
Ultramid A3EG7 FC Nylon 66
Ultramid A3HG2 Nylon 66
Ultramid A3HG5 Nylon 66
Ultramid A3HG5 BK00564 Nylon 66
Ultramid A3HG6 HR BK23591 Nylon 66
Ultramid A3HG6 WIT Nylon 6T/66
Ultramid A3HG7 Nylon 66
Ultramid A3HG7 BK00564 Nylon 66
Ultramid A3K BK00464 Nylon 66
Ultramid A3K Q601 Nylon 66
Ultramid A3L BK7793 Nylon 66
Ultramid A3L HP Nylon 66
Ultramid A3L HP BK20465 Nylon 66
Ultramid A3L HP UV Nylon 66
Ultramid A3L HP UV BK23220 Nylon 66
Ultramid A3SK Nylon 66
Ultramid A3U40G5 Nylon 66
Ultramid A3UG5 Nylon 66
Ultramid A3W Nylon 66
Ultramid A3W BK00464 Nylon 66
Ultramid A3W Q601 Nylon 66
Ultramid A3W R01 SW805 Nylon 66
Ultramid A3W2G10 BK20560 Nylon 66
Ultramid A3W2G6 BK20560 Nylon 66
Ultramid A3WG10 Nylon 66
Ultramid A3WG10 BK00564 Nylon 66
Ultramid A3WG3 Nylon 66
Ultramid A3WG3 BK00564 Nylon 66
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Ultramid A3WG5 BK00564 Nylon 66
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Ultramid A3WG6 BK00564 Nylon 66
Ultramid A3WG6 HRX Nylon 66
Ultramid A3WG7 Nylon 66
Ultramid A3WG7 BK00564 Nylon 66
Ultramid A3WG7 BK23210 Nylon 66
Ultramid A3WG7 CR BK564 Nylon 66
Ultramid A3WG7 HP BK20560 Nylon 66
Ultramid A3WG7 HP R01 BK20560 Nylon 66
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Ultramid A3WGM33 BK20560 Nylon 66
Ultramid A3WGM53 BK20560 Nylon 66
Ultramid A3X2G10 Nylon 66
Ultramid A3X2G5 Nylon 66
Ultramid A3X2G5 BK23187 Nylon 66
Ultramid A3X2G7 Nylon 66
Ultramid A3X3G5 Nylon 66
Ultramid A3XG3 BK20562 Nylon 66
Ultramid A3XZG5 Nylon 66
Ultramid A3Z Nylon 66
Ultramid A3Z HP Nylon 66
Ultramid A3Z HP BK20465 Nylon 66
Ultramid A3Z HP UN Nylon 66
Ultramid A3Z HP UV Nylon 66
Ultramid A3Z HP UV BK23220 Nylon 66
Ultramid A3Z3 Nylon 66
Ultramid A3ZG3 HP BK20465 Nylon 66
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Ultramid A3ZG7 HP BK20465 Nylon 66
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Ultramid Aqua UV BK20592 Nylon 66
Ultramid B24 N 03 Nylon 6
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Ultramid B27 03 Nylon 6
Ultramid B27 E Nylon 6
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Ultramid B27 SD 02 Nylon 6
Ultramid B27 SD 05 Nylon 6
Ultramid B29 HM 01 Nylon 6
Ultramid B32 Nylon 6
Ultramid B32 01 Nylon 6
Ultramid B33 01 Nylon 6
Ultramid B33 L Nylon 6
Ultramid B33 L 01 Nylon 6
Ultramid B33LN 01 Nylon 6
Ultramid B35EG3 Nylon 6
Ultramid B35G3 BK00564 Nylon 6
Ultramid B35G3 SI BK23216 Nylon 6
Ultramid B36 Nylon 6
Ultramid B36 01 Nylon 6
Ultramid B36 LN Nylon 6
Ultramid B36 LN 01 Nylon 6
Ultramid B3EG10 Nylon 6
Ultramid B3EG2 Nylon 6
Ultramid B3EG3 Nylon 6
Ultramid B3EG3 BK00564 Nylon 6
Ultramid B3EG4 Nylon 6
Ultramid B3EG5 Nylon 6
Ultramid B3EG6 Nylon 6
Ultramid B3EG6 BK00564 Nylon 6
Ultramid B3EG7 Nylon 6
Ultramid B3EG7 BK00564 Nylon 6
Ultramid B3G10 SI Nylon 6
Ultramid B3G8 Nylon 6
Ultramid B3G8 BK00564 Nylon 6
Ultramid B3GK24 Nylon 6
Ultramid B3GK24 BK00564 Nylon 6
Ultramid B3GM35 BK30564 Nylon 6
Ultramid B3GM35 BK60564 Nylon 6
Ultramid B3GM35 BKQ642 23220 Nylon 6
Ultramid B3GM35 BKQ649 23220 Nylon 6
Ultramid B3GM35 Ebony23227 Nylon 6
Ultramid B3GM35 Q611 Nylon 6
Ultramid B3GM35 Q643 Nylon 6
Ultramid B3K Nylon 6
Ultramid B3K BK00464 Nylon 6
Ultramid B3L Nylon 6
Ultramid B3L BK00464 Nylon 6
Ultramid B3M6 Nylon 6
Ultramid B3M6 BK30564 Nylon 6
Ultramid B3M6 BK60564 Nylon 6
Ultramid B3S Nylon 6
Ultramid B3S BK00464 Nylon 6
Ultramid B3S HP Nylon 6
Ultramid B3S Q661 Nylon 6
Ultramid B3U Q721 Nylon 6
Ultramid B3UG4 Nylon 6
Ultramid B3UGM210 Nylon 6
Ultramid B3UM4 Nylon 6
Ultramid B3WG10 BK00564 Nylon 6
Ultramid B3WG10 BK564 Nylon 6
Ultramid B3WG3 Nylon 6
Ultramid B3WG5 Nylon 6
Ultramid B3WG5 BK00564 Nylon 6
Ultramid B3WG6 Nylon 6
Ultramid B3WG6 BK00564 Nylon 6
Ultramid B3WG6 BK00564 BGVW Nylon 6
Ultramid B3WG6 CR BK23210 Nylon 6
Ultramid B3WG6 GIT BK807 Nylon 6
Ultramid B3WG6 GP Nylon 6
Ultramid B3WG6 GPX BK23238 Nylon 6
Ultramid B3WG7 Nylon 6
Ultramid B3WG7 BK00564 Nylon 6
Ultramid B3WG8 BK 00564 Nylon 6
Ultramid B3WGM24 BK30564 Nylon 6
Ultramid B3WGM24 HP Nylon 6
Ultramid B3WGM24 HPX BK23210 Nylon 6
Ultramid B3WGM24 sw23228 Nylon 6
Ultramid B3WM8 (8260 HS) BK-102 Nylon 6
Ultramid B3Z Nylon 6
Ultramid B3Z BK30464 Nylon 6
Ultramid B3ZG3 Nylon 6
Ultramid B3ZG3 BK30564 Nylon 6
Ultramid B3ZG4 Nylon 6
Ultramid B3ZG6 Nylon 6
Ultramid B3ZG6 BK30564 Nylon 6
Ultramid B3ZG7 OSI BK23273 Nylon 6
Ultramid B3ZG8 BK20560 Nylon 6
Ultramid B40 Nylon 6
Ultramid B40 01 Nylon 6
Ultramid B40 L Nylon 6
Ultramid B40 LN Nylon 6
Ultramid B40LN 01 Nylon 6
Ultramid B50L 01 Nylon 6
Ultramid BG40GM45 HS BK-130 Nylon 6
Ultramid BG50XFI Nylon 6
Ultramid BU50I Nylon 6
Ultramid BU50I BK-106 Nylon 6
Ultramid C31 01 Nylon 66/6
Ultramid C33 Nylon 66/6
Ultramid C33 01 Nylon 66/6
Ultramid C33 L Nylon 66/6
Ultramid C33 LN Nylon 66/6
Ultramid C33L 01 Nylon 66/6
Ultramid C33LN 01 Nylon 66/6
Ultramid C3U Nylon 66/6
Ultramid C3U BK23079 Nylon 66/6
Ultramid C40 L 01 Nylon 66/6
Ultramid C40LX 01 Nylon 66/6
Ultramid D3EG10 FC Aqua Nylon, Unspecified
Ultramid Endure D3G10 BK20560 Nylon 66
Ultramid Endure D3G7 BK20560 Nylon 66
Ultramid Endure D5G3 BM BK20560 Nylon 66
Ultramid HFX 32 Nylon 6
Ultramid HFX 33 Nylon 6
Ultramid HFX 35 Nylon 6
Ultramid HFX 37 Nylon 6
Ultramid HMG13 HS BK-102 Nylon 6
Ultramid HMG14 HS BK-102 Nylon 66
Ultramid HMG14 HS BK7795 Nylon 66
Ultramid HPN 9233G HS BK-102 Nylon 6
Ultramid HPN 9350 HS Nylon 6
Ultramid HPN 9362 Nylon 6
Ultramid N-265 NF3001 Nylon 66
Ultramid N-276 BK ND3007 Nylon 66
Ultramid N-276 NF3001 Nylon 66
Ultramid N-333 NF3001 Nylon 66
Ultramid S3K Balance Nylon 610
Ultramid Seal-Fit Nylon 66/6
Ultramid SEG7 Nylon 6
Ultramid SEG8 BK-126 Nylon 6
Ultramid SEG8 GY7716B Nylon 6
Ultramid SEGM35 H1 BK-126 Nylon 6
Ultramid Structure A3WG10 LF BK00564 Nylon 66
Ultramid Structure A3WG12 LF BK00564 Nylon 66
Ultramid Structure A3WG8 LF BK00564 Nylon 66
Ultramid Structure B3WG10 LF BK00564 Nylon 6
Ultramid Structure B3WG8 LF BK00564 Nylon 6
Ultramid T 4381 LDS Nylon 6/6T
Ultramid T KR 4350 Nylon 6/6T
Ultramid T KR 4355 G10 Nylon 6/6T
Ultramid T KR 4355 G5 Nylon 6/6T
Ultramid T KR 4355 G7 Nylon 6/6T
Ultramid T KR 4357 G6 Nylon 6/6T
Ultramid T KR 4365 G5 Nylon 6/6T
Ultramid TG3S Nylon 6
Ultramid TG3S BK-104 Nylon 6
Ultramid TG7S Nylon 6
Ultramid TG7S BK-102 Nylon 6
Ultramid TOP 3000 Nylon 6/6T